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In enzymology, a chorismate mutase () is an enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reaction for the conversion of chorismate to prephenate in the pathway to the production of phenylalanine and tyrosine, also known as the shikimate pathway. Hence, this enzyme has one substrate, chorismate, and one product, prephenate. Chorismate mutase is found at a branch point in the pathway. The enzyme channels the substrate, chorismate to the biosynthesis of tyrosine and phenylalanine and away from tryptophan. Its role in maintaining the balance of these aromatic amino acids in the cell is vital. This is the single known example of a naturally occurring enzyme catalyzing a pericyclic reaction.〔 Chorismate mutase(CM) is only found in fungi, bacteria, and higher plants. This protein may use the morpheein model of allosteric regulation. == Protein family == This enzyme belongs to the family of isomerases, specifically those intramolecular transferases transferring other groups. The systematic name of this enzyme class is chorismate pyruvatemutase. This enzyme is also called hydroxyphenylpyruvate synthase. This enzyme participates in phenylalanine, tyrosine and tryptophan biosynthesis. The structures of chorismate mutase vary in different organisms, but the majority belongs to the AroQ family. The chorismate mutase of this family look most like that of ''Escherichia coli''. That is, they are characterized by an intertwined homodimer of 3-helical subunits. For example, the secondary structure of the CM of yeast is very similar to that of ''E. coli''. Chorimate mutase in the AroQ family are more common in nature and are widely distributed among the prokaryotes.〔 For optimal function, they usually have to be accompanied by another enzyme such as prephanate dehydrogenase.〔 These CM are usually bifunctional enzymes meaning they contain two catalytic capacities in the same polypeptide chain.〔 The CM of eukaryotic organisms are usually monofunctional and are controlled by the aromatic amino acids. There are organisms such as ''Bacillus subtilis'' whose chorismate mutase have a completely different structure. These enzymes belong to the AroH family and are characterized by a trimeric α/β barrel topology. CM of this class are monofunctional, containing a single catalytic capacity. ''E. coli'' and Yeast chorismate mutase have a limited sequence homology, but their active sites contain similar residues. The active site of the Yeast chorismate mutase contains Arg16, Arg157, Thr242, Glu246, Glu198, Asn194, and Lys168. The ''E. coli'' active site contains the same residues with the exception of these noted exchanges: Asp48 for Asn194, Gln88 for Glu248, and Ser84 for Thr242. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「chorismate mutase」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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